Foodborne disease surveillance aims to reduce the burden of illness due to contaminated food. There are several different types of surveillance systems, including event-based surveillance, indicator-based surveillance, and integrated food chain surveillance. These approaches are not mutually exclusive, have overlapping data sources, require distinct capacities and resources, and can be considered a hierarchy, with each level being more complex and resulting in a greater ability to detect and control foodborne disease. Event-based surveillance is generally the least resource-intensive system and makes use of informal data sources. Indicator-based surveillance is seen as traditional notifiable disease surveillance and consists of routinely collected data. Integrated food chain surveillance is viewed as the optimal practice for conducting continuous risk analysis for foodborne diseases, but also requires significant ongoing resources and greater multisectoral collaboration compared to the other systems. Each country must determine the most appropriate structure for their surveillance system for foodborne diseases based on their available resources. This review explores the evidence on the principles, minimum capabilities, and minimum requirements of each type of surveillance and discusses examples from a range of countries. This review forms the evidence base for the Strengthening the Surveillance and Response for Foodborne Diseases: A Practical Manual.
Todd EC. Todd EC. World Health Stat Q. 1997;50(1-2):30-50. World Health Stat Q. 1997. PMID: 9282385 Review.
Busani L, Scavia G, Luzzi I, Caprioli A. Busani L, et al. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2006;42(4):401-4. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2006. PMID: 17361061 Review.
Li Y, Pei X, Bai L, Yan L, Yang S, Zhang H, Yan J, Zhan L, Lan G, Li N, Yang D. Li Y, et al. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2021 Aug;18(8):519-527. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2922. Epub 2021 Jul 27. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2021. PMID: 34314613 Review.
Coulombier D, Takkinen J. Coulombier D, et al. Euro Surveill. 2013 Mar 14;18(11):20423. doi: 10.2807/ese.18.11.20423-en. Euro Surveill. 2013. PMID: 23517867 No abstract available.
Ashbolt R, Givney R, Gregory JE, Hall G, Hundy R, Kirk M, McKay I, Meuleners L, Millard G, Raupach J, Roche P, Prasopa-Plaizier N, Sama MK, Stafford R, Tomaska N, Unicomb L, Williams C; OzFoodNet Working Group. Ashbolt R, et al. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2002;26(3):375-406. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2002. PMID: 12416702
Faja OM, Mhyson AS, Atiyah WR, Mohammed BJ, Adnan A. Faja OM, et al. Open Vet J. 2023 Oct;13(10):1277-1282. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i10.6. Epub 2023 Oct 31. Open Vet J. 2023. PMID: 38027405 Free PMC article.
Soliani L, Rugna G, Prosperi A, Chiapponi C, Luppi A. Soliani L, et al. Pathogens. 2023 Oct 21;12(10):1267. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12101267. Pathogens. 2023. PMID: 37887782 Free PMC article. Review.
Amato L, Benedetti G, Di Giuseppe P, Hénaux V, Lailler R, Nordeng Z, Scharffenberg TAZ, Skjerdal T, Cito F. Amato L, et al. Front Public Health. 2023 Apr 18;11:1129851. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129851. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37143977 Free PMC article.
He Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Chen L, Zhang H, Qi X, Chen J. He Y, et al. Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 1;11:1127925. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1127925. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36817893 Free PMC article.
Hajia M, Sohrabi A. Hajia M, et al. New Microbes New Infect. 2019 Jun 17;31:100577. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100577. eCollection 2019 Sep. New Microbes New Infect. 2019. PMID: 31360526 Free PMC article.